H2S sensor connected to Arduino Uno

H2S sensing revisited: using the sensor with Arduino Uno

By Teodor Costachioiu on October 23, 2018 Arduino, Tutorials

Ever since I wrote the blog post on sensing hydrogen sulfide using Arduino Due, I have received a lot of comments and messages about using the sensor with the more popular Arduino Uno.

To use the sensor with the Arduino Uno, one must overcome two issues. The first issue relates to the fact that the sensor uses 3.3V logic and power, while the Arduino Uno is a 5V board. The second issue lies in the fact that Arduino Uno has a single serial port, and that post is commonly used for debugging.

Overcoming these two issues is relatively easy.

To solve the logic level issue, one can take 3.3V power from the Arduino Uno and use a logic level converter like BOB-12009 from Sparkfun.

Then, one can rely on using SoftwareSerial to create a emulate a second serial port in software, and make some minor changes in the code to accommodate this. Please note that SoftwareSerial doesn’t work on all Arduino pins. In my code example I used pins 10 and 11, but if you wish to change that, do read first the documentation and make sure the pins are supported by the code library.

For this example, I have connected the H2S sensor as follows:

Connecting the H2S sensor to Arduino Uno

The logic level converter receives 5V (orange wire) and 3.3V (red wire) from Arduino Uno. The 3.3V voltage also goes to pin 8 of the H2S sensor.

GND (blue wire) runs from Arduino Uno to the logic level converter and then to the H2S sensor.

Pin 11 runs to the HV4 pin of the logic level converter. Its counterpart LV4 is connected to pin 2 (RXD) of the H2S sensor. Later, in the code, this pin will become SoftwareSerial TX.

Pin 10 runs to the HV3 pin of the logic level converter. Its counterpart LV3 is connected to pin 3 (TXD) of the H2S sensor. Later, in the code, this pin will become SoftwareSerial RX.

This is how the connections are made on a breadbaord. I used the same colors of wire as in the above diagram, to make things easier to follow:

Arduino Uno connections to H2S sensor

If you don’t want to dig into the datahsheet of the sensor, here is a detailed image of the H2S sensor connector:

H2S sensor pinout

From top to bottom we have:

pin 1 – N/C
pin 2 – RXD
pin 3 – TXD
pin 4 – N/C
pin 5 – N/C
pin 6 – GND
pin 7 – N/C
pin 8 – V+ (2.6 to 3.6V)

H2S sensing with Arduino Uno: the code

The code is the same as in the original blog post, with only minor changes to accommodate SoftwareSerial:

runs// SPEC H2S Sensor 
 
// Serial number of my sensor
// #define mysensor_serial_no 012017030207
 
// #define portOne_RX_BUFFER_SIZE 256
// #define portOne_TX_BUFFER_SIZE 256
 
// Sensor values
  // The format of the output is: SN[XXXXXXXXXXXX], PPB [0 : 999999], TEMP [-99:99],
  // RH[0:99], RawSensor[ADCCount], TempDigital, RHDigital, Day[0:99], Hour [0:23]
  // Note that on Arduino Due integer variable (int)  stores a 32-bit (4-byte) value. 
  // This yields a range of -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 
  // (minimum value of -2^31 and a maximum value of (2^31) - 1). 
  // On 8 bit boards some readings have to be recorded as floats

// The big change: we use software serial for H2S sensor
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
// software serial #1: RX = digital pin 10, TX = digital pin 11
SoftwareSerial portOne(10, 11);


 
String SensorSerialNo; 
long H2S;
long Temperature;
long RH;
long RawSensor;
long TempDigital;
long RHDigital;
int Days;
int Hours;
int Minutes;
int Seconds;
 
#define command_delay 500
#define start_delay 2500
String dataString = "";
String responseString = "";
boolean dataStringComplete = 0;
char inChar;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("H2S sensor demo code!");
  portOne.begin(9600);
  // Normally, data is returned within one second
  portOne.setTimeout(1000);
  // reserve 80 bytes for the dataString
  dataString.reserve(150);
  responseString.reserve(150);
  
  // Wait for sensor 
  delay(500);
  flush_portOne();
  
  // EEPROM dump
  SPEC_dump_EEPROM();
  Serial.println(" ");
  Serial.println("STARTING MEASUREMENTS");
  Serial.println(" ");
}  
 
 
 
void loop() {
  // Do a readout every 10 seconds
  SPEC_Data_read();
  SPEC_parse_data();
  SPEC_print_data();
  delay(10000);
}
 
/* ********************************************************************************
 * This function triggers one measurement and receives the data from the sensor
 **********************************************************************************/
void SPEC_Data_read(){
  // First, we do some initialization
  // dataStringComplete is set as "false", as we don't have any valid data received
  dataStringComplete = 0;
  // Clear the data string
  dataString = "";
  // Now we trigger a measurement
  portOne.print(" ");
  // We wait for the sensor to respond
  dataString = portOne.readStringUntil('\n');
  //Serial.println(dataString);
}
 
/* ********************************************************************************
 * This function takes the received string and upodates sensor data
 **********************************************************************************/
void SPEC_parse_data(){
  // Parses the received dataString
  // Data string is comma separated
  // The format of the output is: SN[XXXXXXXXXXXX], PPB [0 : 999999], TEMP [-99:99],
  // RH[0:99], RawSensor[ADCCount], TempDigital, RHDigital, Day[0:99], Hour [0:23],
  // Minute[0:59], Second[0 : 59]\r\n
  // Take a look also at
  // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11068450/arduino-c-language-parsing-string-with-delimiter-input-through-serial-interfa
  // We look first for the SN
  int idx1 = dataString.indexOf(',');
  SensorSerialNo = dataString.substring(0, idx1);
  int idx2 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx1 + 1);
  // Hint: after comma there's a space - it should be ignored
  String S_gas = dataString.substring(idx1 + 2, idx2);
  H2S = S_gas.toInt();
  int idx3 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx2 + 1);
  String S_temp = dataString.substring(idx2 + 2, idx3);
  Temperature = S_temp.toInt();
  int idx4 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx3 + 1);
  String S_humi = dataString.substring(idx3 + 2, idx4);
  RH = S_humi.toInt();
  int idx5 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx4 + 1);
  String S_raw_gas = dataString.substring(idx4 + 2, idx5);
  RawSensor = S_raw_gas.toInt();
  int idx6 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx5 + 1);
  String S_Tdigital = dataString.substring(idx5 + 2, idx6);
  TempDigital = S_Tdigital.toInt();
  int idx7 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx6 + 1);
  String S_RHdigital = dataString.substring(idx6 + 2, idx7);
  RHDigital = S_RHdigital.toInt();
  int idx8 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx7 + 1);
  String S_Days = dataString.substring(idx7 + 2, idx8);
  Days = S_Days.toInt();
  int idx9 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx8 + 1);
  String S_Hours = dataString.substring(idx8 + 2, idx9);
  Hours = S_Hours.toInt();
  int idx10 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx9 + 1);
  String S_Minutes = dataString.substring(idx9 + 2, idx10);
  Minutes = S_Minutes.toInt();
  int idx11 = dataString.indexOf('\r');
  String S_Seconds = dataString.substring(idx10 + 2, idx11);
  Seconds = S_Seconds.toInt();
}
 
 
/* ********************************************************************************
 * This function prints the sensor data
 **********************************************************************************/
void SPEC_print_data(){
  Serial.println("********************************************************************");
  Serial.print ("Sensor Serial No. is ");
  Serial.println (SensorSerialNo);
  Serial.print ("H2S level is ");
  Serial.print (H2S);
  Serial.println (" ppb");
  Serial.print ("Temperature is ");
  Serial.print (Temperature, DEC);
  Serial.println (" deg C");
  Serial.print ("Humidity is ");
  Serial.print (RH, DEC);
  Serial.println ("% RH");
  Serial.print ("Sensor is online since: ");
  Serial.print (Days, DEC);
  Serial.print (" days, ");
  Serial.print (Hours, DEC);
  Serial.print (" hours, ");
  Serial.print (Minutes, DEC);
  Serial.print (" minutes, ");
  Serial.print (Seconds, DEC);
  Serial.println (" seconds");
  Serial.println ("Raw Sensor Data");    
  Serial.print ("Raw gas level: ");
  Serial.println (RawSensor);
  Serial.print ("Temperature digital: ");
  Serial.println (TempDigital);
  Serial.print ("Humidity digital: ");
  Serial.println (RHDigital);
  Serial.println ("");
}
 
 
/* ********************************************************************************
 * EEPROM dump
 **********************************************************************************/
void SPEC_dump_EEPROM(){
  // First we trigger a measurement
  portOne.print(" ");
  // Within one second time we send the command "e"
  delay(400);
  portOne.print("e");
  dataString = portOne.readStringUntil('\n');
  // You can uncomment this line if you wish
  //Serial.println(dataString);
  for (int i=0; i<20; i++){ 
    responseString = portOne.readStringUntil('\n');
    Serial.println(responseString);
  }   
}  
 
void flush_portOne(){
  // Do we have data in the serial buffer?
  // If so, flush it
  if (portOne.available() > 0){
    Serial.println ("Flushing serial buffer...");
    while(1){
      inChar = (char)portOne.read();
      delay(10);
      Serial.print(inChar);
      if (inChar == '\n') break; 
    }
    Serial.println (" ");
    Serial.println ("Buffer flushed!");
  }
}

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runs// SPEC H2S Sensor

// Serial number of my sensor

// #define mysensor_serial_no 012017030207

// #define portOne_RX_BUFFER_SIZE 256

// #define portOne_TX_BUFFER_SIZE 256

// Sensor values

// The format of the output is: SN[XXXXXXXXXXXX], PPB [0 : 999999], TEMP [-99:99],

// RH[0:99], RawSensor[ADCCount], TempDigital, RHDigital, Day[0:99], Hour [0:23]

// Note that on Arduino Due integer variable (int) stores a 32-bit (4-byte) value.

// This yields a range of -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

// (minimum value of -2^31 and a maximum value of (2^31) - 1).

// On 8 bit boards some readings have to be recorded as floats

// The big change: we use software serial for H2S sensor

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// software serial #1: RX = digital pin 10, TX = digital pin 11

SoftwareSerial portOne(10, 11);

String SensorSerialNo;

long H2S;

long Temperature;

long RH;

long RawSensor;

long TempDigital;

long RHDigital;

int Days;

int Hours;

int Minutes;

int Seconds;

#define command_delay 500

#define start_delay 2500

String dataString = "";

String responseString = "";

boolean dataStringComplete = 0;

char inChar;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial.println("H2S sensor demo code!");

portOne.begin(9600);

// Normally, data is returned within one second

portOne.setTimeout(1000);

// reserve 80 bytes for the dataString

dataString.reserve(150);

responseString.reserve(150);

// Wait for sensor

delay(500);

flush_portOne();

// EEPROM dump

SPEC_dump_EEPROM();

Serial.println(" ");

Serial.println("STARTING MEASUREMENTS");

Serial.println(" ");

}

void loop() {

// Do a readout every 10 seconds

SPEC_Data_read();

SPEC_parse_data();

SPEC_print_data();

delay(10000);

}

/* ********************************************************************************

* This function triggers one measurement and receives the data from the sensor

**********************************************************************************/

void SPEC_Data_read(){

// First, we do some initialization

// dataStringComplete is set as "false", as we don't have any valid data received

dataStringComplete = 0;

// Clear the data string

dataString = "";

// Now we trigger a measurement

portOne.print(" ");

// We wait for the sensor to respond

dataString = portOne.readStringUntil('\n');

//Serial.println(dataString);

}

/* ********************************************************************************

* This function takes the received string and upodates sensor data

**********************************************************************************/

void SPEC_parse_data(){

// Parses the received dataString

// Data string is comma separated

// The format of the output is: SN[XXXXXXXXXXXX], PPB [0 : 999999], TEMP [-99:99],

// RH[0:99], RawSensor[ADCCount], TempDigital, RHDigital, Day[0:99], Hour [0:23],

// Minute[0:59], Second[0 : 59]\r\n

// Take a look also at

// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11068450/arduino-c-language-parsing-string-with-delimiter-input-through-serial-interfa

// We look first for the SN

int idx1 = dataString.indexOf(',');

SensorSerialNo = dataString.substring(0, idx1);

int idx2 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx1 + 1);

// Hint: after comma there's a space - it should be ignored

String S_gas = dataString.substring(idx1 + 2, idx2);

H2S = S_gas.toInt();

int idx3 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx2 + 1);

String S_temp = dataString.substring(idx2 + 2, idx3);

Temperature = S_temp.toInt();

int idx4 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx3 + 1);

String S_humi = dataString.substring(idx3 + 2, idx4);

RH = S_humi.toInt();

int idx5 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx4 + 1);

String S_raw_gas = dataString.substring(idx4 + 2, idx5);

RawSensor = S_raw_gas.toInt();

int idx6 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx5 + 1);

String S_Tdigital = dataString.substring(idx5 + 2, idx6);

TempDigital = S_Tdigital.toInt();

int idx7 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx6 + 1);

String S_RHdigital = dataString.substring(idx6 + 2, idx7);

RHDigital = S_RHdigital.toInt();

int idx8 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx7 + 1);

String S_Days = dataString.substring(idx7 + 2, idx8);

Days = S_Days.toInt();

int idx9 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx8 + 1);

String S_Hours = dataString.substring(idx8 + 2, idx9);

Hours = S_Hours.toInt();

int idx10 = dataString.indexOf(',', idx9 + 1);

String S_Minutes = dataString.substring(idx9 + 2, idx10);

Minutes = S_Minutes.toInt();

int idx11 = dataString.indexOf('\r');

String S_Seconds = dataString.substring(idx10 + 2, idx11);

Seconds = S_Seconds.toInt();

}

/* ********************************************************************************

* This function prints the sensor data

**********************************************************************************/

void SPEC_print_data(){

Serial.println("********************************************************************");

Serial.print ("Sensor Serial No. is ");

Serial.println (SensorSerialNo);

Serial.print ("H2S level is ");

Serial.print (H2S);

Serial.println (" ppb");

Serial.print ("Temperature is ");

Serial.print (Temperature, DEC);

Serial.println (" deg C");

Serial.print ("Humidity is ");

Serial.print (RH, DEC);

Serial.println ("% RH");

Serial.print ("Sensor is online since: ");

Serial.print (Days, DEC);

Serial.print (" days, ");

Serial.print (Hours, DEC);

Serial.print (" hours, ");

Serial.print (Minutes, DEC);

Serial.print (" minutes, ");

Serial.print (Seconds, DEC);

Serial.println (" seconds");

Serial.println ("Raw Sensor Data");

Serial.print ("Raw gas level: ");

Serial.println (RawSensor);

Serial.print ("Temperature digital: ");

Serial.println (TempDigital);

Serial.print ("Humidity digital: ");

Serial.println (RHDigital);

Serial.println ("");

}

/* ********************************************************************************

* EEPROM dump

**********************************************************************************/

void SPEC_dump_EEPROM(){

// First we trigger a measurement

portOne.print(" ");

// Within one second time we send the command "e"

delay(400);

portOne.print("e");

dataString = portOne.readStringUntil('\n');

// You can uncomment this line if you wish

//Serial.println(dataString);

for (int i=0; i<20; i++){

responseString = portOne.readStringUntil('\n');

Serial.println(responseString);

}

void flush_portOne(){

// Do we have data in the serial buffer?

// If so, flush it

if (portOne.available() > 0){

Serial.println ("Flushing serial buffer...");

while(1){

inChar = (char)portOne.read();

delay(10);

Serial.print(inChar);

if (inChar == '\n') break;

}

Serial.println (" ");

Serial.println ("Buffer flushed!");

}

That’s all folks!

28 Comments

WB on October 23, 2018 6:16 pm

What is going on in your physical wiring with both the 5V and 3.3V pins from the Arduino going to the same outer rail track, and the red wire on the inner rail track connecting to the same inter rail? I’m throughly confused.
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on October 23, 2018 9:50 pm
  
  5v goes to outer rail
  3.3v goes to inner rail (the angle of the wire is a bit misleading)
  on breadboards from wishay the rails are split in half, tbat’s why the short red wire connecting the inner rails
  Reply
  - WB on October 23, 2018 10:32 pm
    
    So the 3.3v pin from the Arduino is going to the inner track? Now that makes sense.
    If one were to use a nodencu or similar ESP8266 3.3V device, there would be no need to use a logic level converter, right? And if it has WiFi you wouldn’t have to bother with even using SoftwareSerial as you could use MQTT or webhooks to display your output.
    Reply
WB on October 26, 2018 7:23 am

For anyone wondering, the reason you need to use this logic converter is because the RX/TX pins work on 5v, which will fry your sensor. It’s probably easier to just get a 3.3v controller and use that.
Reply
Lee jong sun on November 5, 2018 10:22 am

Hi.
What should I add to the program source to measure ozone gas?
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on November 5, 2018 10:43 am
  
  First, you need an ozone sensor. Then, you add the code according to the sensor you decide to use.
  Reply
  - Lee jong sun on November 5, 2018 12:39 pm
    
    110406 O3 1801 I have an ozone sensor.
    I would like to know what code to add to use this ozone sensor.
    Reply
    - Teodor Costachioiu on November 5, 2018 12:42 pm
      
      If you just throw some numbers here I won’t be able to help you. Be more specific – link to manufacturer’s page, datasheet, etc.
      Reply
      - Lee jong sun on November 5, 2018 2:03 pm
        
        Sorry.
        The company is SPEC SENSORS. We will link the data sheet.
        https://www.spec-sensors.com/product/ozone-o3-sensor-20-ppm-pinned-package/
      - Teodor Costachioiu on November 5, 2018 3:58 pm
        
        You have three different products:
        – sensor only. My advice is to avoid it, as it’s nearly impossible to build the required analog front-end at the hobbyist level
        – sensor + analog front-end (https://www.spec-sensors.com/product/ultra-low-power-analog-sensor-module-ozone/). You can read the output voltage with an A/D converter, but you will also have to do some computations to compensate for temperature and humidity.
        – sensor + digital board (https://www.spec-sensors.com/product/digital-gas-sensor-ozone/). Just like the one I used in the H2S sensing blog post. The most expensive, but also the easiest to use. Just read the digital values.
      - Lee jong sun on November 6, 2018 2:08 am
        
        Thank you for your question.
        Currently, the parts I have are sensors + digital boards.
        You told me to read the digital value. Then, in the above code,
        I want to know.
        1. long H2S; -> long O3;
        2. Serial.println (“H2S sensor demo code!”); -> Serial.println (“O3 sensor demo code!”);
        3. H2S = S_gas.toInt (); -> O3 = S_gas.toInt ();
        4. Serial.print (“O3 level is”);
        5. Serial.print (O3);
Gernot on November 14, 2018 11:48 am

Really cool project – are the data you measure accessible somewhere and did you test it for Bad breath detection?
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on November 14, 2018 3:52 pm
  
  I had the sensor installed in an outdoor air quality moitoring station – https://electronza.com/diy-air-quality-monitoring-station/. But I took the whole thing offline for the winter season, and I plan to put it back online next spring, after I will solve some minor issues in software.
  Reply
Jo Gwanggon on February 25, 2019 8:25 am

Thank you for your posting.
I have one question. What kink of wire you used for connection?
I have one but it is so weak to connect each other.
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on February 25, 2019 8:51 am
  
  Hi Jo,
  Any type of jumper,wire will do. https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8431 will work fine.
  In my project I used some wires from a kit like this https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14671 as they look better in the pictures.
  Reply
  - Jo gwanggon on February 27, 2019 4:53 pm
    
    Thank you for reply.
    I bought all of things you used above and assembled.
    Unfortunately, it didnt work when i upload code to arduino uno. I dont know why….and it seems to be wrong that mismatch rx pin between in the picture and code you wrote (dgs h2s sensor used rx pin 2nd place where green wire stuck to digital 11, but code used 10 for rx)
    Can i ask why you used level converter though arduino uno can provide 3.3v output? Is it important?
    Regards.
    Reply
    - Teodor Costachioiu on February 27, 2019 4:58 pm
      
      Arduino Uno can provide 3.3V power, but it uses 5V logic levels. That means, on (software) TX and RX pins you will have 5V for logical “1”. The H2S sensor uses 3.3V logic, thus the need for the logic level converter.
      If it doesn’t work, you can try to swap TX and RX lines.
      Reply
      - Jo Gwanggon on February 28, 2019 9:35 am
        
        Okay. Thank you! I will try it!
Pablo on March 12, 2019 10:09 pm

TEODOR
Thank you for taking the time to write this. I was thinking of making a similar project but I dont have the programming skills for it. I appreciate that you made public your efforts
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on March 14, 2019 9:45 am
  
  Thanks!
  Reply
Breno Galendi on April 9, 2019 12:40 am

First of all, thank u for this tutorial!
Well, i’m having some issues with my project…
My sensor keeps returning no data, no matter what i change on it…
Everything is the same as is described in your tutorial, but the final results aren’t
Thanks again!
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on April 9, 2019 9:32 am
  
  Hi Breno,
  The easiest thing to do is run the SerialPassthrough sketch and communicate directly with the sensor. Try to send a c character, that should trigger a new measurement and you should see some output. If not, check connections. Also, try to reverse the RX and TX lines.
  Also, please observe that not all Arduino pins can be used with SoftwareSerial. See the library notes on https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/softwareSerial. My choice of pins 10 and 11 is not random.
  You may also wish to take a look to this new DGS sensor library: https://github.com/SPEC-Sensors/DGS
  Reply
Vik on May 9, 2019 9:32 am

I’m using Arduino Pro Mini 3v3.
I have created an application to zero the sensor after a time (configurable).
I have uploaded the code and documentation to github.
https://github.com/VikIborra/SPEC-Sensors/tree/master/DGS/AutoCalibrateZero
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on May 9, 2019 9:36 am
  
  Nice!
  Reply
Arkan on June 26, 2019 3:58 pm

thank you for this tutorial! …
I have one question which of gas sensor gives accurate results for H2S gas. ?
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on June 26, 2019 4:06 pm
  
  Hello Arkan,
  To my best knowledge, the DGS-H2S is reasonably accurate and it’s relatively cheap. That makes it interesting for hobbyists and for citizen science projects.
  Obviously, there are better sensors out there, but they are at least one order of magnitude more expensive, or they require some dedicated analog front-ends which are difficult to build by the average maker.
  You can take a look at:
  http://www.nemoto.eu/nap-520.html
  https://www.wpiinc.com/var-iso-h2s-flexible-hydrogen-sulfide-sensor
  https://www.gas-sensing.com/replacement-sensors/aeroqual-hydrogen-sulfide-sensor-0-10-ppm-ehs.html
  and there are many more…
  Reply
Nadeem on July 23, 2019 11:28 am

Hii,
I am using Spec sensor NO2 968-043.
I am unable to get data.
Please, provide me with sufficient suggestion.
Reply
- Teodor Costachioiu on July 23, 2019 11:37 am
  
  It should work the same as the DGS-H2S Sensor. You can also try the SPEC Arduino library: https://github.com/SPEC-Sensors/DGS
  Reply

H2S sensing with Arduino Uno: the code

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